
Financial Literacy and Stock Market Participation: What the Research Shows
People with low financial literacy are much less likely to own stocks. What the van Rooij study and later research show, and where the evidence stops.











Myles was born and raised in Bronzeville on Chicago's South Side. He studied at Ariel Community Academy, where financial literacy was taught starting in 1st grade, and attended the University of Chicago Lab School as a John Rogers Jr. Fellow. He graduated from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign with a degree in Finance and co-founded Rapunzl while working as a Credit Analyst at CIBC, joining full-time in 2019 after raising $3 million in seed funding. Myles was named to Forbes 30 Under 30 (2024 list, Education) and Crain's 20 in Their 20's for his work promoting financial literacy nationwide.

People with low financial literacy are much less likely to own stocks. What the van Rooij study and later research show, and where the evidence stops.

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ADX and ATR indicators explained: ADX scores how strong a trend is, ATR how far a stock moves in a day. Includes a scanner setup and a class activity.

Average True Range (ATR) shows how far a stock typically moves in one day, in dollars. Learn how it is worked out, how to read it and where it misleads.

The Commodity Channel Index (CCI) shows how far a price has drifted from its recent average. Learn the formula, the +100 and −100 lines and its limits.

An engulfing candlestick pattern is a two-candle pattern where the second body wraps the first. Learn the bullish and bearish versions and how to read it.

A gravestone doji has a long upper wick, almost no body and little wick below. See how it forms, how to read it, and how it differs from a shooting star.

A harami cross is a doji tucked inside a large candle's body. See how it forms, how bullish and bearish versions read, and how it differs from a harami.

The P/E ratio is a share price divided by profit per share over 12 months. Learn how to work it out, compare it, and why a low P/E is not always a bargain.

Rising and falling three methods is a five-candle continuation pattern: a strong candle, a small pullback, then the trend resumes. See both versions.

A shooting star candlestick has a small body and a long upper wick after a rise. Learn how it forms and how it differs from an inverted hammer.

Eight stock screener filters explained: P/E, yield, debt, growth, moving averages, RSI, volume and support, with a starting range and blind spot for each.

Three black crows is a pattern of three tall down candles in a row, each closing near its low. See how it forms, how to read it, and what to watch for.

15 money gifts for teens that teach real skills: first stocks, teen accounts, books, games, budget tools, and free ideas, with ages and prices.

Money worries in college are linked to worse mental health and, in some studies, lower grades. What four studies found and how parents can prepare.

Why financial literacy is important in schools: a co-founder's case for required high school personal finance, plus the evidence and objections answered.

CSS Profile vs FAFSA for parents: which colleges use each, what each asks, costs and fee waivers, 2027-28 timing, and a checklist for which forms to file.

Should your school replace its personal finance course with AP Business with Personal Finance, add it, or wait? A side-by-side for districts and teachers.

A stock market simulator built for middle schoolers needs guardrails a high school version doesn't. What to look for, and how to run it well at 11-14.

Investing simulators for students are replacing paper worksheets fast. Rapunzl co-founder Myles Gage on how they work and what students actually learn.

Crypto for teens, minus the real-money risk: why a simulator is the safer first stop, what a teen learns from it, and how to set it up together.

A teen needs earned income to fund a Roth IRA. What a parent does as custodian, the contribution rules, and when it makes sense.

Do teenagers pay taxes on their first paycheck? Here's what gross pay, FICA, and a W-4 actually mean, and why your teen may still need to file.

The state of financial literacy education in 2026: 30 states now require personal finance, yet measured literacy keeps sliding. Where the field stands.

Why a financial literacy competition for high school motivates students: the psychology of stakes, purpose, and belonging, plus how to compete well.

Who gets a personal finance class, and who doesn't? A founder's look at financial literacy equity and how to close the gap in underserved schools.

Financial literacy statistics for 2026: adult test scores, state mandates, teen money data, and what the gap costs. Every figure named and dated.

A plain-English guide to financial literacy certifications for students: what blockchain-secured, tamper-proof credentials are and how they work.

How to learn to trade stocks: what really happens when you place an order, the order types that matter, and how to practice on live prices with virtual money.

How to learn about investing from zero: what to learn first, the habit that matters most, and why to learn to invest with virtual money before your own.

Practice stock trading for free with virtual money and live prices. Rapunzl co-founder Myles Gage on the five habits that turn practice into real skill.

Traders now see a 60.4% chance the Fed raises rates in September. Oil above $90 pushed mortgage rates to a 14-month high. Here is how those connect.

Six plain-English facts about ETFs and mutual funds: what they are, how they differ, why fees matter, and how they make diversifying simple.

Which state personal finance mandates go live in 2026-27, which legislatures are still moving, and what to do with the year before your state's date.

Rapunzl AI reads stock charts alongside students, flagging candlestick patterns and explaining RSI, moving averages, and Bollinger Bands in plain English.

A step-by-step guide to running the Rapunzl stock market simulator: research, groups, budgets, milestones, and reflection that stick.

Stakes change learning. How a free national scholarship competition motivates students grades can't reach, plus a playbook for running one in class.

Real analysts learn by asking someone at the next desk. Rapunzl AI gives students that same on-demand tutor, with guardrails built for the classroom.